Researching Media In Everyday Lives

Please submit your essay here. Answer only one essay question. Word count of 2500 – 100% of overall mark for the Module.

Either:
Looking back across the whole range of published studies – from 1980 through to the present – which have been discussed over the course of this module, what do you see as some of the main continuities and shifts, over that period, in academic research on media uses in day-to-day contexts? [Address issues of theory and/or method, the findings of any empirical research, and the overall themes.]
Or:
In your view, what are the most important future directions for researching media in everyday lives? And why do you consider these to be the most important? You must justify your answers with reference to several previous studies in this area of investigation, chosen from among those discussed on the module.
TY – BOOK
TI – Digital orientations: non-media-centric media studies and non-representational theories of practice
AU – Moores, Shaun.
CY – New York, : Peter Lang Inc., International Academic Publishers
DA – 2017/01/01/T00:00:01Z
PY – 2017
PB – New York, : Peter Lang Inc., International Academic Publishers
SN – 978-1-4331-4564-3
UR – https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/sunderland/detail.action?docID=5214792
ER –

TY – JOUR
TI – Digital Orientations: ‘Ways of the Hand’ and Practical Knowing in Media Uses and Other Manual Activities
AU – Moores, Shaun
T2 – Mobile Media & Communication
DA – 2014/01/01/T00:00:01Z
PY – 2014
VL – 2
IS – 2
SN – 2050-1579
ER –

TY – BOOK
TI – The Nationwide television studies
AU – Morley, Dave, 1949-
AU – Brunsdon, Charlotte, 1952-
CY – London : Routledge
PB – London : Routledge
SN – 978-0-415-14879-5
ER –

TY – BOOK
TI – Everyday television: nationwide
AU – Brunsdon, C.
AU – Morley, D.
CY – B.F.I : 1978
PB – B.F.I : 1978
ER –

TY – BOOK
TI – Culture, media, language: working papers in cultural studies, 1972-79
AU – Hall, Stuart, 1932-
AU – University of Birmingham. Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies.
CY – London : Routledge in association with the Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies, University of Birmingham
PB – London : Routledge in association with the Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies, University of Birmingham
SN – 0-415-07906-3
UR – https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/sunderland/detail.action?docID=179321
ER –

TY – BOOK
TI – Interpreting audiences: the ethnography of media consumption
AU – Moores, Shaun.
CY – London : Sage
PB – London : Sage
SN – 978-0-8039-8447-9
ER –

TY – BOOK
TI – Media and everyday life in modern society
AU – Moores, Shaun.
CY – Edinburgh : Edinburgh University Press
DA – 2000/01/01/T00:00:01Z
PY – 2000
PB – Edinburgh : Edinburgh University Press
SN – 0-7486-1179-7
ER –

TY – BOOK
TI – Media/theory: thinking about media and communications
AU – Moores, Shaun.
CY – London : Routledge
PB – London : Routledge
SN – 978-0-203-09965-0
UR – http://www.vlebooks.com/vleweb/product/openreader?id=Sunderland&isbn=9780203099650
ER –

TY – BOOK
TI – Television, audiences, and cultural studies
AU – Morley, Dave, 1949-
CY – London ; New York : Routledge
DA – 1992/01/01/T00:00:01Z
PY – 1992
PB – London ; New York : Routledge
SN – 978-0-415-05444-7
UR – http://www.vlebooks.com/vleweb/product/openreader?id=Sunderland&isbn=9780203398357
ER –

TY – CHAP
C2 – Morley, David;
VL – 0
PB – London : Routledge, 1999.
SN – 978-0-415-14879-5
ER –

TY – CHAP
C2 – Hobson, D
DA – 1992/01/01/T00:00:01Z
PY – 1992
VL – 0
PB – London : Routledge in association with the Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies, University of Birmingham, 1992.
SN – 0-415-07906-3
ER –

TY – BOOK
TI – Crossroads: the drama of a soap opera
AU – Hobson, D.
CY – Methuen : 1982
PB – Methuen : 1982
ER –

TY – BOOK
TI – Inside family viewing: ethnographic research on television’s audiences
AU – Lull, James.
CY – London : Routledge
PB – London : Routledge
SN – 978-0-415-04997-9
ER –

TY – CHAP
T3 – Media, culture & society series
C2 – Moores, Shaun;
DA – 1993/01/01/T00:00:01Z
PY – 1993
VL – 0
PB – London : Sage, 1993.
SN – 0-8039-8446-4
ER –

TY – BOOK
TI – Watching Dallas: soap opera and the melodramatic imagination
AU – Ang, Ien.
AU – Couling, Della.
CY – London : Routledge
DA – 1989/01/01/T00:00:01Z
PY – 1989
PB – London : Routledge
SN – 0-415-04598-3
ER –

TY – BOOK
TI – The Politics of domestic consumption: critical readings
AU – Moores, Shaun.
AU – Jackson, Stevi.
CY – London : Prentice-Hall
DA – 1995/01/01/T00:00:01Z
PY – 1995
PB – London : Prentice-Hall
SN – 978-0-13-433343-4
ER –

TY – BOOK
TI – Living room wars: rethinking media audiences for a postmodern world
AU – Ang, Ien.
CY – London : Routledge
DA – 1995/01/01/T00:00:01Z
PY – 1995
PB – London : Routledge
SN – 978-0-415-12801-8
UR – http://www.vlebooks.com/vleweb/product/openreader?id=Sunderland&isbn=9780203129432
ER –

TY – BOOK
TI – Distinction: a social critique of the judgement of taste
AU – Bourdieu, Pierre.
AU – Nice, Richard
CY – London : Routledge
PB – London : Routledge
SN – 978-0-415-04546-9
ER –

TY – BOOK
TI – Screen tastes: soap opera to satellite dishes
AU – Brunsdon, Charlotte, 1952-
CY – London : Routledge
DA – 1997/01/01/T00:00:01Z
PY – 1997
PB – London : Routledge
SN – 978-0-415-12155-2
UR – http://www.vlebooks.com/vleweb/product/openreader?id=Sunderland&isbn=9780203993002
ER –

TY – BOOK
TI – The export of meaning: cross-cultural readings of Dallas
AU – Liebes, Tamar.
AU – Katz, Elihu.
CY – Cambridge : Polity Press
ET – 2nd ed.
PB – Cambridge : Polity Press
SN – 978-0-7456-1295-9
ER –

TY – CHAP
T3 – Comedia
Critical voices in art, theory and culture
C2 – Moores, Shaun;
DA – 2005/01/01/T00:00:01Z
PY – 2005
VL – 0
PB – London : Routledge, 2005.
SN – 978-0-203-09965-0
UR – https://www.dawsonera.com/guard/protected/dawson.jsp?name=http://sso.sunderland.ac.uk/auth/metadata&dest=http://www.dawsonera.com/depp/reader/protected/external/AbstractView/S9780203099650
ER –

TY – BOOK
TI – No sense of place: the impact of electronic media on social behavior
AU – Meyrowitz, Joshua.
CY – New York ; Oxford : Oxford University Press
DA – 1985/01/01/T00:00:01Z
PY – 1985
PB – New York ; Oxford : Oxford University Press
SN – 0-19-504231-X
ER –

TY – BOOK
TI – The presentation of self in everyday life
AU – Goffman, Erving.
CY – London : Penguin
PB – London : Penguin
SN – 0-14-013571-5
ER –

TY – BOOK
TI – Understanding media: the extensions of man
AU – McLuhan, Marshall, 1911-1980.
CY – London : Routledge
DA – 1994/01/01/T00:00:01Z
PY – 1994
PB – London : Routledge
SN – 0-415-10483-1
ER –

TY – BOOK
TI – Communication theory today
AU – Crowley, David, 1945-
AU – Mitchell, David.
CY – Oxford : Polity Press
DA – 1994/01/01/T00:00:01Z
PY – 1994
PB – Oxford : Polity Press
SN – 0-7456-1289-X
ER –

TY – BOOK
TI – Media, place and mobility
AU – Moores, Shaun.
CY – Basingstoke : Palgrave Macmillan
PB – Basingstoke : Palgrave Macmillan
SN – 978-0-230-24463-4
UR – http://www.vlebooks.com/vleweb/product/openreader?id=Sunderland&isbn=9780230360129
ER –

TY – BOOK
TI – Interpreting Diana: television audiences and the death of a Princess
AU – Turnock, Robert.
CY – London : British Film Institute
DA – 2000/01/01/T00:00:01Z
PY – 2000
PB – London : British Film Institute
SN – 0-85170-788-2
ER –

TY – BOOK
TI – Family television: cultural power and domestic leisure
AU – Morley, D.
CY – Comedia : 1986
PB – Comedia : 1986
ER –

TY – BOOK
TI – Women, food and families
AU – Charles, Nickie.
AU – Kerr, Marion, 1953-
CY – Manchester : Manchester University Press
PB – Manchester : Manchester University Press
SN – 0-7190-1874-9
ER –

TY – CHAP
C2 – Jackson, Stevi; Moores, Shaun;
DA – 1995/01/01/T00:00:01Z
PY – 1995
VL – 0
PB – London : Prentice-Hall, 1995.
SN – 0-13-433343-8
ER –

TY – CHAP
T3 – Media, culture & society series
C2 – Moores, Shaun;
DA – 1993/01/01/T00:00:01Z
PY – 1993
VL – 0
PB – London : Sage, 1993.
SN – 0-8039-8446-4
ER –

TY – CHAP
C2 – Moores, Shaun;
DA – 2000/01/01/T00:00:01Z
PY – 2000
VL – 0
PB – Edinburgh : Edinburgh University Press, c2000.
SN – 978-0-7486-1179-9
ER –

TY – CHAP
C2 – Morley, Dave;
DA – 1992/01/01/T00:00:01Z
PY – 1992
VL – 0
PB – London ; New York : Routledge, 1992.
SN – 978-0-203-39835-7
UR – https://www.dawsonera.com/guard/protected/dawson.jsp?name=http://sso.sunderland.ac.uk/auth/metadata&dest=http://www.dawsonera.com/depp/reader/protected/external/AbstractView/S9780203398357
ER –

TY – BOOK
TI – Reading the romance: women, patriarchy and popular literature
AU – Radway, Janice A., 1949-
CY – Chapel Hill : University of North Carolina Press
PB – Chapel Hill : University of North Carolina Press
SN – 0-8078-4349-0
ER –

TY – BOOK
TI – Reading women’s magazines: an analysis of everyday media use
AU – Hermes, Joke.
CY – Cambridge : Polity
DA – 1995/01/01/T00:00:01Z
PY – 1995
PB – Cambridge : Polity
SN – 0-7456-1270-9
ER –

TY – CHAP
C2 – Jackson, Stevi; Moores, Shaun;
DA – 1995/01/01/T00:00:01Z
PY – 1995
VL – 0
PB – London : Prentice-Hall, 1995.
SN – 0-13-433343-8
ER –

TY – CHAP
T3 – Media, culture & society series
C2 – Moores, Shaun;
DA – 1993/01/01/T00:00:01Z
PY – 1993
VL – 0
PB – London : Sage, 1993.
SN – 0-8039-8446-4
ER –

TY – GEN
TI – Reception Study: Ethnography and the Problems of Dispersed Audiences and Nomadic Subjects
AU – Radway, J
DA – 1988/01/01/T00:00:01Z
PY – 1988
UR – http://catalogue.sunderland.ac.uk/items/215499
ER –

TY – BOOK
TI – Ideology and modern culture: critical social theory in the era of mass communication
AU – Thompson, John B. (John Brookshire)
CY – Cambridge : Polity
PB – Cambridge : Polity
SN – 0-7456-0081-6
ER –

TY – BOOK
TI – Desperately seeking the audience
AU – Ang, Ien.
CY – London : Routledge
PB – London : Routledge
SN – 0-415-05270-X
ER –

TY – CHAP
C2 – Ang, Ien;
DA – 1995/01/01/T00:00:01Z
PY – 1995
VL – 0
PB – London : Routledge, 1995.
SN – 978-0-203-12943-2
UR – https://www.dawsonera.com/guard/protected/dawson.jsp?name=http://sso.sunderland.ac.uk/auth/metadata&dest=http://www.dawsonera.com/depp/reader/protected/external/AbstractView/S9780203129432
ER –

TY – BOOK
TI – Tele-ology: studies in television
AU – Hartley, John, 1948-
CY – London : Routledge
PB – London : Routledge
SN – 0-415-06818-5
ER –

TY – CHAP
TI – Behind the Ratings
AU – Morley, D.
C2 – J. Willis and T. Wollen (eds)
VL – 0
ER –

TY – BOOK
TI – Orientalism
AU – Said, Edward W. (Edward William)
CY – London : Penguin
DA – 2003/01/01/T00:00:01Z
PY – 2003
ET – New ed.].
PB – London : Penguin
SN – 978-0-14-118742-6
ER –

TY – BOOK
TI – Formations of fantasy
AU – Kaplan, Cora, 1940-
AU – Donald, James, 1948-
AU – Burgin, Victor, 1941-
CY – London : Routledge
DA – 1989/01/01/T00:00:01Z
PY – 1989
PB – London : Routledge
SN – 978-0-415-05099-9
ER –

TY – BOOK
TI – Video playtime: the gendering of a leisure technology
AU – Gray, Ann.
CY – London : Routledge
PB – London : Routledge
SN – 978-0-415-05865-0
ER –

TY – BOOK
TI – Boxed in: women and television
AU – Baehr, Helen.
AU – Dyer, Gillian.
CY – New York : Pandora
DA – 1987/01/01/T00:00:01Z
PY – 1987
PB – New York : Pandora
SN – 978-0-86358-216-5
ER –

TY – BOOK
TI – Research practice for cultural studies: ethnographic methods and lived cultures
AU – Gray, Ann, 1946-
CY – London : SAGE
PB – London : SAGE
SN – 978-0-7619-5175-9
ER –

TY – CHAP
C2 – Jackson, Stevi; Moores, Shaun;
DA – 1995/01/01/T00:00:01Z
PY – 1995
VL – 0
PB – London : Prentice-Hall, 1995.
SN – 0-13-433343-8
ER –

TY – BOOK
TI – At home with computers
AU – Lally, Elaine.
CY – Oxford : Berg
DA – 2002/01/01/T00:00:01Z
PY – 2002
PB – Oxford : Berg
SN – 978-1-85973-561-9
ER –

TY – CHAP
T3 – Media, culture & society series
C2 – Moores, Shaun;
DA – 1993/01/01/T00:00:01Z
PY – 1993
VL – 0
PB – London : Sage, 1993.
SN – 0-8039-8446-4
ER –

TY – CHAP
T3 – Key concerns in media studies
C2 – Moores, Shaun;
DA – 2012/01/01/T00:00:01Z
PY – 2012
VL – 0
PB – Basingstoke : Palgrave Macmillan, 2012.
SN – 978-0-230-24463-4
ER –

TY – BOOK
TI – Television and everyday life
AU – Silverstone, Roger.
CY – London : Routledge
PB – London : Routledge
SN – 0-415-01647-9
ER –

TY – GEN
TI – Domestic Communication: Technologies and Meanings
AU – Morley, D. and Silverstone, R.
DA – 1990/01/01/T00:00:01Z
PY – 1990
PB – Bi-monthly
UR – http://catalogue.sunderland.ac.uk/items/223962?
ER –

TY – BOOK
TI – Public communication: the new imperatives: future directions for media research
AU – Ferguson, Marjorie.
CY – London : Sage
DA – 1990/01/01/T00:00:01Z
PY – 1990
PB – London : Sage
SN – 978-0-8039-8267-3
ER –

TY – JOUR
T2 – Media, culture & society
DA – 1979/01/01/T00:00:01Z
PY – 1979
SN – 0163-4437
UR – http://ezproxy.sunderland.ac.uk/form?qurl=http%3A%2F%2Fsearch.ebscohost.com%2Flogin.aspx%3Fdirect%3Dtrue%26db%3Dedspub%26AN%3Dedp47871%26site%3Deds-live%26scope%3Dsite
ER –

TY – BOOK
TI – Why study the media?
AU – Silverstone, Roger.
CY – London : Sage
DA – 1999/01/01/T00:00:01Z
PY – 1999
PB – London : Sage
SN – 0-7619-6453-3
ER –

TY – BOOK
TI – Consuming technologies: media and information in domestic spaces
AU – Hirsch, Eric, 1956-
AU – Silverstone, Roger.
CY – London : Routledge
DA – 1992/01/01/T00:00:01Z
PY – 1992
PB – London : Routledge
SN – 0-415-06990-4
ER –

TY – BOOK
TI – Household choices
AU – Newton, Charles.
AU – Victoria and Albert Museum.
AU – Putnam, Tim.
AU – Middlesex Polytechnic.
CY – London : Futures Publications
PB – London : Futures Publications
SN – 1-871131-10-3
ER –

TY – BOOK
TI – Television, ethnicity and cultural change
AU – Gillespie, Marie.
CY – London : Routledge
PB – London : Routledge
SN – 978-0-415-09675-1
UR – http://www.vlebooks.com/vleweb/product/openreader?id=Sunderland&isbn=9780203133996
ER –

TY – BOOK
TI – National identity and Europe: the television revolution
AU – Willis, Janet, 1948-
AU – Drummond, Phillip, 1948-
AU – Paterson, Richard, 1947-
AU – British Film Institute.
CY – London : British Film Institute
DA – 1993/01/01/T00:00:01Z
PY – 1993
PB – London : British Film Institute
SN – 0-85170-382-8
ER –

TY – CHAP
C2 – Jackson, Stevi; Moores, Shaun;
DA – 1995/01/01/T00:00:01Z
PY – 1995
VL – 0
PB – London : Prentice-Hall, 1995.
SN – 0-13-433343-8
ER –

TY – CHAP
C2 – Miller, D.
DA – 1992/01/01/T00:00:01Z
PY – 1992
VL – 0
PB – London : Routledge, 1992.
SN – 0-415-06990-4
ER –

TY – BOOK
TI – Consumption and everyday life.
AU – Mackay, Hugh;
T2 – Culture, media and identities; book 5
PB – London : Sage in association with The Open University, 1997.
SN – 978-0-7619-5437-8
ER –

TY – BOOK
TI – Radio, television and modern life: a phenomenological approach
AU – Scannell, Paddy.
CY – Oxford : Blackwell
PB – Oxford : Blackwell
SN – 0-631-19875-X
ER –

TY – BOOK
TI – Mediaspace: place, scale and culture in a media age
AU – Couldry, Nick.
AU – McCarthy, Anna.
CY – London : Routledge
DA – 2004/01/01/T00:00:01Z
PY – 2004
PB – London : Routledge
SN – 978-0-415-29175-0
UR – http://www.vlebooks.com/vleweb/product/openreader?id=Sunderland&isbn=9780203010228
ER –

TY – CHAP
T3 – Key concerns in media studies
C2 – Moores, Shaun;
DA – 2012/01/01/T00:00:01Z
PY – 2012
VL – 0
PB – Basingstoke : Palgrave Macmillan, 2012.
SN – 978-0-230-24463-4
ER –

TY – BOOK
TI – Broadcast talk
AU – Scannell, Paddy.
CY – London : Sage Publications
PB – London : Sage Publications
SN – 0-8039-8375-1
ER –

TY – BOOK
TI – Culture and power: a media, culture and society reader
AU – Scannell, Paddy.
AU – Sparks, Colin.
AU – Schlesinger, Philip, 1948-
CY – London : Sage Publications
DA – 1992/01/01/T00:00:01Z
PY – 1992
PB – London : Sage Publications
SN – 0-8039-8631-9
ER –

TY – BOOK
TI – Television and the meaning of ‘live’
AU – Scannell, Paddy, author.
CY – Cambridge : Polity
DA – 2013/01/01/T00:00:01Z
PY – 2013
PB – Cambridge : Polity
SN – 978-0-7456-6254-1
ER –

TY – CHAP
C2 – Moores, Shaun;
DA – 2000/01/01/T00:00:01Z
PY – 2000
VL – 0
PB – Edinburgh : Edinburgh University Press, c2000.
SN – 978-0-7486-1179-9
ER –

TY – CHAP
C2 – Moores, S.
DA – 1988/01/01/T00:00:01Z
PY – 1988
VL – 10
PB – Bi-monthly
ER –

TY – CHAP
C2 – Moores, S.
DA – 1993/01/01/T00:00:01Z
PY – 1993
VL – 15
PB – Bi-monthly
ER –

TY – JOUR
T2 – Journal of communication inquiry
SN – 0196-8599
UR – http://ezproxy.sunderland.ac.uk/form?qurl=http%3A%2F%2Fsearch.ebscohost.com%2Flogin.aspx%3Fdirect%3Dtrue%26db%3Dcat00941a%26AN%3Dsunder.217153%26site%3Deds-live%26scope%3Dsite
ER –

TY – BOOK
TI – Satellite television and everyday life: articulating technology
AU – Moores, Shaun.
CY – Luton : University of Luton Press
DA – 1996/01/01/T00:00:01Z
PY – 1996
PB – Luton : University of Luton Press
SN – 978-1-86020-506-4
ER –

TY – BOOK
TI – Consuming cultures: power and resistance
AU – British Sociological Association.
AU – Roseneil, Sasha, 1966-
AU – Hearn, Jeff.
CY – Basingstoke : Macmillan
DA – 1999/01/01/T00:00:01Z
PY – 1999
PB – Basingstoke : Macmillan
SN – 0-333-74717-8
ER –

TY – JOUR
T2 – European journal of cultural studies
DA – 1998/01/01/T00:00:01Z
PY – 1998
SN – 1367-5494
UR – http://ezproxy.sunderland.ac.uk/form?qurl=http%3A%2F%2Fsearch.ebscohost.com%2Flogin.aspx%3Fdirect%3Dtrue%26db%3Dedspub%26AN%3Dedp27504%26site%3Deds-live%26scope%3Dsite
ER –

TY – BOOK
TI – The Internet: an ethnographic approach
AU – Miller, Daniel, 1954-
AU – Slater, Don.
CY – Oxford : Berg
PB – Oxford : Berg
SN – 1-85973-389-1
ER –

TY – BOOK
TI – The Internet in everyday life
AU – Wellman, Barry.
AU – Haythornthwaite, Caroline.
CY – Oxford : Blackwell
PB – Oxford : Blackwell
SN – 978-0-631-23507-1
ER –

TY – BOOK
TI – Virtual ethnography
AU – Hine, Christine.
CY – London : Sage
PB – London : Sage
SN – 978-0-7619-5896-3
ER –

TY – BOOK
TI – Hanging out in the virtual pub: masculinities and relationships online
AU – Kendall, Lori.
CY – Berkeley, Calif. ; London : University of California Press
DA – 2002/01/01/T00:00:01Z
PY – 2002
PB – Berkeley, Calif. ; London : University of California Press
SN – 0-520-23036-1
ER –

TY – BOOK
TI – Connectivity, networks and flows: conceptualizing contemporary communications
AU – Hepp, Andreas.
CY – Cresskill, NJ : Hampton Press
DA – 2008/01/01/T00:00:01Z
PY – 2008
PB – Cresskill, NJ : Hampton Press
SN – 1-57273-857-X
ER –

TY – CHAP
T3 – Key concerns in media studies
C2 – Moores, Shaun;
DA – 2012/01/01/T00:00:01Z
PY – 2012
VL – 0
PB – Basingstoke : Palgrave Macmillan, 2012.
SN – 978-0-230-24463-4
ER –

TY – BOOK
TI – Life on the screen: identity in the age of the Internet
AU – Turkle, Sherry.
CY – New York : Touchstone
DA – 1997/01/01/T00:00:01Z
PY – 1997
PB – New York : Touchstone
SN – 0-684-83348-4
ER –

TY – GEN
TI – Mobility and Proximity
AU – Urry, J.
DA – 2002/01/01/T00:00:01Z
PY – 2002
UR – http://doi.org/10.1177/0038038502036002002
ER –

TY – BOOK
TI – Mobile lives: self, excess and nature
AU – Elliott, Anthony.
AU – Urry, John.
CY – London : Routledge
PB – London : Routledge
SN – 0-203-88704-2
UR – http://www.vlebooks.com/vleweb/product/openreader?id=Sunderland&isbn=9780203887042
ER –

TY – GEN
TI – ‘Editorial: Mobilities, Immobilities and Moorings’
AU – Hannam, K., Sheller, M. and Urry, J
DA – 2006/01/01/T00:00:01Z
PY – 2006
UR – http://doi.org/10.1080/17450100500489189
ER –

TY – BOOK
TI – Mobilities, networks, geographies
AU – Larsen, Jonas.
AU – Axhausen, K. W., 1958-
AU – Urry, John.
CY – Aldershot : Ashgate
DA – 2006/01/01/T00:00:01Z
PY – 2006
PB – Aldershot : Ashgate
SN – 978-0-7546-4882-6
UR – http://www.vlebooks.com/vleweb/product/openreader?id=Sunderland&isbn=9780754680178
ER –

TY – BOOK
TI – Sociology beyond societies: mobilities for the twenty-first century
AU – Urry, John.
CY – London : Routledge
DA – 2000/01/01/T00:00:01Z
PY – 2000
PB – London : Routledge
SN – 0-415-19089-4
UR – http://www.vlebooks.com/vleweb/product/openreader?id=Sunderland&isbn=9780203021613
ER –

TY – BOOK
TI – Mobilities
AU – Urry, John.
CY – Cambridge : Polity
PB – Cambridge : Polity
SN – 978-0-7456-3418-0
ER –

TY – BOOK
TI – Sound moves: iPod culture and urban experience
AU – Bull, Michael, 1952-
CY – New York : Routledge
DA – 2008/01/01/T00:00:01Z
PY – 2008
PB – New York : Routledge
SN – 0-415-25752-2
ER –

TY – BOOK
TI – Sounding out the city: personal stereos and the management of everyday life
AU – Bull, Michael.
CY – Oxford : Berg
PB – Oxford : Berg
SN – 978-1-85973-337-0
ER –

TY – BOOK
TI – Car cultures
AU – Miller, Daniel, 1954-
CY – Oxford : Berg
PB – Oxford : Berg
SN – 1-85973-407-3
ER –

TY – CHAP
C2 – Bull, M.
DA – 2004/01/01/T00:00:01Z
PY – 2004
VL – 0
PB – London : Routledge, 2004.
SN – 978-0-203-01022-8
UR – https://www.dawsonera.com/guard/protected/dawson.jsp?name=http://sso.sunderland.ac.uk/auth/metadata&dest=http://www.dawsonera.com/depp/reader/protected/external/AbstractView/S9780203010228
ER –

TY – BOOK
TI – The auditory culture reader
AU – Bull, Michael.
AU – Back, Les.
CY – Oxford : Berg
DA – 2003/01/01/T00:00:01Z
PY – 2003
PB – Oxford : Berg
SN – 978-1-85973-613-5
UR – http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/ecip049/2003022159.html
ER –

TY – CHAP
T3 – Key concerns in media studies
C2 – Moores, Shaun;
DA – 2012/01/01/T00:00:01Z
PY – 2012
VL – 0
PB – Basingstoke : Palgrave Macmillan, 2012.
SN – 978-0-230-24463-4
ER –

TY – BOOK
TI – Talking with television: women, talk shows, and modern self-reflexivity
AU – Wood, Helen, 1972-
CY – Urbana, Ill. : University of Illinois Press ; Chesham : Combined Academic [distributor]
DA – 2009/01/01/T00:00:01Z
PY – 2009
PB – Urbana, Ill. : University of Illinois Press ; Chesham : Combined Academic [distributor]
SN – 978-0-252-07602-2
ER –

TY – BOOK
TI – Modernity and self-identity: self and society in the late modern age
AU – Giddens, Anthony.
CY – Cambridge : Polity
PB – Cambridge : Polity
SN – 978-0-7456-0932-4
ER –

TY – BOOK
TI – Reacting to reality television: performance, audience and value
AU – Skeggs, Beverley.
AU – Wood, Helen, 1972-
CY – New York, NY : Routledge
DA – 2012/01/01/T00:00:01Z
PY – 2012
PB – New York, NY : Routledge
SN – 978-0-415-69370-7
UR – http://www.vlebooks.com/vleweb/product/openreader?id=Sunderland&isbn=9780203144237
ER –

TY – BOOK
TI – Media talk: spoken discourse on TV and radio
AU – Tolson, Andrew.
CY – Edinburgh : Edinburgh University Press
DA – 2006/01/01/T00:00:01Z
PY – 2006
PB – Edinburgh : Edinburgh University Press
SN – 978-0-7486-2631-1
UR – http://www.vlebooks.com/vleweb/product/openreader?id=Sunderland&isbn=9780748626311
ER –

TY – BOOK
TI – Marxism and the philosophy of language
AU – Voloshinov, V. N. (Valentin Nikolaevich), 1895-1936.
CY – Cambridge, Mass. ; London : Harvard University Press
PB – Cambridge, Mass. ; London : Harvard University Press
SN – 0-674-55098-6
ER –

TY – GEN
TI – The Mediated Conversational Floor: An Interactive Approa ch to Audience Reception Analysis
AU – Wood, H.
DA – 2007/01/01/T00:00:01Z
PY – 2007
UR – http://doi.org/10.1177/0163443706072000
ER –

TY – CHAP
T3 – Key concerns in media studies
C2 – Moores, Shaun;
DA – 2012/01/01/T00:00:01Z
PY – 2012
VL – 0
PB – Basingstoke : Palgrave Macmillan, 2012.
SN – 978-0-230-24463-4
ER –

TY – GEN
TI – Media Uses and Everyday Environmental Experiences: A Positive Critique of Phenomenological Geography
DA – 2006/01/01/T00:00:01Z
PY – 2006
UR – http://www.participations.org/volume%203/issue%202%20-%20special/3_02_moores.htm
ER –

TY – ELEC
TI – Loose Ends: Lines, Media and Social Cha nge’, EASA Media Anthropology Network e – Seminar Paper 40, European Association of Social Anthropologist
AU – Moores, S
UR – http://www.media-anthropology.net/file/moores_eseminar.pdf
ER –

TY – GEN
TI – ‘”I Didn’t Realize How Attached I Am”: On the Environmental Experiences of Trans – European Migrants’
AU – Moores, S. and Metykova, M.
DA – 2010/01/01/T00:00:01Z
PY – 2010
UR – http://doi.org/10.1177/1367549409352278
ER –

TY – BOOK
TI – Negotiating the mediated city: everyday encounters with public screens
AU – Krajina, Zlatan, author.
CY – New York : Routledge
PB – New York : Routledge
SN – 1-315-88283-3
UR – http://www.vlebooks.com/vleweb/product/openreader?id=Sunderland&isbn=9781315882833
ER –

TY – BOOK
TI – Domestication of media and technology
AU – Berker, Thomas.
CY – Maidenhead : Open University Press
PB – Maidenhead : Open University Press
SN – 0-335-21768-0
ER –

TY – BOOK
TI – The practice of everyday life
AU – Certeau, Michel de.
CY – Berkeley, Calif. ; London : University of California Press
DA – 1984/01/01/T00:00:01Z
PY – 1984
PB – Berkeley, Calif. ; London : University of California Press
SN – 978-0-520-06168-2
ER –

TY – GEN
TI – Non – Media – Centric Media Studies: A Cross – Generational Conversation
AU – Krajina, Z., Moore s, S. and Morley, D.
DA – 2014/01/01/T00:00:01Z
PY – 2014
UR – http://doi.org/10.1177/1367549414526733
ER –

TY – BOOK
TI – Public space, media space
AU – Berry, Chris,.
CY – Basingstoke : Palgrave Macmillan
PB – Basingstoke : Palgrave Macmillan
SN – 1-137-02775-4
UR – http://www.vlebooks.com/vleweb/product/openreader?id=Sunderland&isbn=9781137027764
ER –

TY – BOOK
TI – Ambient television: visual culture and public space
AU – McCarthy, Anna, 1967-
CY – Durham, N.C. ; London : Duke University Press
PB – Durham, N.C. ; London : Duke University Press
SN – 978-0-8223-2692-2
ER –

TY – BOOK
TI – Women Take Issue.
AU – CCCS;
PB – London : Taylor & Francis, 2013.
SN – 978-0-415-65329-9
ER –

TY – BOOK
TI – Media in global context
AU – Sreberny-Mohammadi, Annabelle
VL – 0
PB – Arnold, 1997.
ER –

100
100
HOUSEWIVES AND THE MASS MEDIA 95

Housewives and the mass media*

Dorothy Hobson
Mass communication, in the form of radio and television, has emerged as an important aspect of the day-to-day experience of the women in the study.1 Television and radio are never mentioned as spare-time or leisure activities but are located by the women as integral parts of their day. (The exception to this is the television viewing which is done after the children are in bed, but even then the period is not completely free for the woman because she still has to provide drinks or food if her husband wants them.) There is a separation between the consumption of radio and television, but both provide crucial elements in the experience and management of their lives.
RadioCopyright © 1991. Taylor & Francis Group. All rights reserved.

You’ve got a friend, the happy sound of Radio 1. (Radio 1 jingle)
I have various people in mind. One is a man working in a small garage where perhaps there are two or three mechanics clonking around with motor cars but have the music on. And they’re enjoying it as a background. And then there is this dreaded housewife figure [sic] who I think of as someone who, perhaps last year or two years ago, was a secretary working for a firm, who is now married and has a child. She wants music that will keep her happy and on the move. [Derek Chinnery, Head of Radio 1, in an interview published in Melody Maker, July 1976, quoted in Happy Birthday Radio 1, BBC Publications 1977]
‘Dreaded’ or not, the housewives in this study do listen to Radio 1 and find the experience enjoyable. The radio, for the most part, is listened to during the day while they are engaged in domestic labour, housework and child care. As Anne said, ‘It’s on in the background all the time.’ In some cases switching on the radio is part of the routine of beginning the day; it is, in fact, the first boundary in the working day. In terms of the ‘structurelessness’ of the experience of housework, the time boundaries provided by radio are important in the women’s own division of their time.

Lorna We do have the radio on all day. You know, from the time we get up till the time the tele comes back on. I usually put it on at 4 o’clock for the kids’ tele….

Linda I listen to the radio. I put it on as soon as I get up.

Anne Six o’clock I get up (laughs), er, put on the radio full blast so that me husband’ll get up…*
The constant reference to time during the programmes on Radio 1 also helps to structure the time sequences of the work which women perform while they listen to the radio. Programmes are self-definitional, as The Breakfast Show, Midmorning Programme, which includes Coffee Break at 11 a.m. At the time of the study Tony Blackburn was running the morning show (9 a.m. -12 noon), in which he had the ‘Tiny Tots’ spot at 11 a.m., during which a record was played for children and Blackburn attempted to teach a nursery rhyme to the children listening while the ‘mums’ had a coffee break. During David Hamilton’s afternoon programme (2 p.m. -5 p.m.) the ‘Tea at Three’ spot is included, when once more women are encouraged to ‘put their feet up’. The disc jockeys (DJs) use points of reference within the expected daily routines of their listeners, and some of these references are responded to by the women in the study. The programmes which are listened to are Radio 1 and BRMB local radio, the former being the more popular. Responses to questions about radio are always given in terms of the disc jockey who introduces the programme, with the records referred to in a secondary capacity. Pat

P. I like Radio 1. Tony Blackburn. I think he’s corny but I think he’s good. Dave Lee Travis I like and Noel Edmunds. Noel Edmunds, I think he’s absolutely fantastic….Copyright © 1991. Taylor & Francis Group. All rights reserved.

D. So do you prefer the radio?
P. During the day, yes.
D. Would you have the radio on while you were doing housework?
P. Oh yes, yes.
D. Why do you like the people you like?
P. Erm . . their personality—it comes over on the radio. Noel Edmunds, I think he’s really fantastic, you know, the blunders he makes, you know, I like (inaudible). I think he’s really lovely (laughs). D. And do you do your housework at the same time? P. Oh yes. Anne

A. I listen to BRMB, you know, that’s quite a good programme. I like listening to the people that phone in, erm . . I like the conversations. D. Why do you think that is?
A. Er . . I suppose it’s ‘cos I’m on me own.
D. Is it the music as well that you like or….?

*This is an extract from Dorothy Hobson’s unpublished MA thesis, ‘A Study of WorkingClass Women at Home: Femininity, Domesticity and Maternity’.
A. Yes, ’cos I find that nearly all my records are a bit old-fashioned and I like to hear a bit of the modern music. ((Yes)) I don’t want to get way behind the times, you know.
The predominance of presenters or DJs in the respondents’ reactions to radio programmes can be seen from various aspects. First, it is necessary for the personality of the disc jockey to be a prominent feature in the programme, since all the records which are played throughout the day on Radio 1 are the same; the only variation which exists is in the chatter between records which the disc jockeys provide. Inevitably, then, it is their ability to form a relationship with their audience which gives the disc jockeys their appeal. The disc jockeys have become personalities in their own right, as have the presenters of television current affairs programmes, and the increasing professionalism and development of the necessary features and components of the successful disc jockey could be seen as analogous with the professionalization of other television presenters. As early as the first year of the existence of Radio 1, which began in November 1967, the following point was noted: ‘It soon became clear that Radio 1 DJs were going to be accorded almost as much attention by the media as the Royal Family.’ (BBC/Everest 1977) The disc jockeys are prominent as a structural feature of the production process of these programmes, and it is they who direct the discourse of the radio programmes towards their known audience—in this case the housewives. Secondly, the women respond to that notion of themselves as ‘feminine domestic subjects’ of radio discourse which is presented by the disc jockeys. In this study I have concentrated on the reactions of the women to the disc jockeys rather than on the production process of the media messages.2Copyright © 1991. Taylor & Francis Group. All rights reserved.

Within the overall picture of isolation which has emerged in the lives of the women in this study, the disc jockey can be seen as having the function of providing the missing ‘company’ of another person in the lives of the women. As well as helping to combat isolation, it is not too far fetched to see the DJ as also playing the role of a sexual fantasy-figure in the lives of the women who listen. Pat’s comments about Noel Edmunds (above) are certainly not limited to his role as someone who breaks the isolation in her life; it includes references to his attractiveness and physical appearance, although she does not make this explicit. Nevertheless, my reading of the role of the DJs is that they play the role of a safe, though definitely sexually attractive man, in the lives of the women. The responses to other DJs confirm this assumption. Tony Blackburn is talked about more in terms of the content of his programme and his manner of presentation

*Key to transcripts

…or (pause) pause
() non-verbal communication, e.g. (laughs)
(()) phatic communication, e.g. ((Mm))
…speaker interrupted
than in terms of endearment or enthusiasm. However, Blackburn himself obviously realizes the potential for fantasy relationships with his audience. When he was suffering from a throat infection, which made his voice sound rather husky, he said: ‘I hope I am not turning you ladies on too much. I know your husbands have left for work, it’s you and I together, kids.’ (Recorded from Radio 1, autumn 1977)
Blackburn is a disc jockey whom it is impossible to ignore. Rather like Crossroads, the women either like him or hate him, but rarely do they remain indifferent to him. Blackburn himself provides interesting comments on his own views on radio and pop music, describing his show as ‘a pleasant bit of entertainment in the background if you like—inane chatter. I think there’s room for a station that comes on and is full of a lot of people talking a load of nonsense’. (Guardian, 9 January 1976)
Fortunately for him, he does not have to listen to his own programme for, as he says, ‘It would drive me mad if I had to physically sit down and listen to David Hamilton’s show, or mine, for that matter.’ (ibid) And fortunately for the women in this study, they do not have to sit and listen either; they can treat the programme as background chatter. But if by chance they happen to listen to what Tony Blackburn has to say, they will be subjected to an onslaught of chatter which definitely reinforces the ideology of the sexual division of labour and places women firmly in their ‘correct’ place—in the home. It is in the direct comments which he makes about the records and current topics of interest that Blackburn reveals the depth of his conservatism. The ‘working man’, strikers, punk rockers, women involved in divorce actions, (in the wake of his own recent divorce) all warrant criticism from him. Women who are playing their traditional role as housewives and mothers constantly earn praise from him. In one programme in which he was promoting a record by Nancy Wilson (which was supposedly sung by a woman who had enjoyed a ‘liberated’ life, yet still yearned for the love and security of a husband and family and wanted to tell her ‘sisters’ of the truth of her misspent life), Blackburn fervently ‘plugged’ the record and consistently reminded his listeners of the ‘truth’ of the theme, saying, ‘If you understand this, ladies, you understand everything.’ In case his listeners did not fully get the message of the song, he took the trouble to explain it, using his own interpretation: ‘I hope you understood these lyrics. Nothing is more important, no matter what the press and the media tell you, there is nothing more wonderful than bringing up a child, nothing more difficult either.’ (Recorded from Radio 1, autumn 1977)Copyright © 1991. Taylor & Francis Group. All rights reserved.

Perhaps Tony Blackburn does represent an extreme form of the reinforcement of the ideology of domesticity of the housebound listeners of Radio 1, but far from providing background chatter which can be ignored, he obviously intends his comments to be heard by his audience—and he knows who his audience is. The reinforcement of the dominant ideology of domesticity is definitely a function of the encoded media messages emanating from Radio 1.
The disc jockey, as well as providing relief from isolation, links the isolated individual woman with the knowledge that there are others in the same position.3 Similarly, this can be seen as a functional effect of ‘phone-in’ programmes. One of the women says: ‘I like listening to the people that phone in. I like the conversations …. I suppose it’s ‘cos I’m on me own.’ These programmes not only provide contact with the ‘outside’ world; they also reinforce the privatized isolation by reaffirming the consensual position—there are thousands of other women in the same situation, in a sort of ‘collective isolation’.
Radio can be seen, then, as providing women with a musical reminder of their leisure activities before they married.4 It also, as they say, keeps them up to date with new records. Since they do not have any spare money to buy records, this is an important way in which they can listen to music. Since listening to music and dancing are the leisure activities which they would most like to pursue, radio is also a substitute for the real world of music and discos which they have lost. Also, it provides a crucial relief from their isolation. The chatter of the disc jockey may appear inane and trivial, but the popularity of radio, both in national and local terms and in the responses of the women in this study, would appear to suggest that it fulfils certain functions in providing music to keep them ‘happy and on the move’. Radio creates its own audience through its constant reference to forthcoming programmes and items within programmes. As the jingle at the beginning of this section suggests, the women in this study do appear to regard Radio 1 as a friend, and they certainly view the disc jockeys as important means of negotiating or managing the tensions caused by the isolation in their lives.Copyright © 1991. Taylor & Francis Group. All rights reserved.

Television—‘two worlds’

Linda No, I never watch the news, never!
The ideology of a masculine and a feminine world of activities and interests and the separation of those gender-specific interests is never more explicitly expressed than in the women’s reactions and responses to television programmes. Here both class-and gender-specific differences are of vital importance, in terms of both which programmes the women choose to watch or reject and their definition and selection of what are appropriately masculine and feminine programmes and topics. Also, they select television programmes much more consciously than radio programmes. This must partly be a consequence of the fact that they have more freedom during the evenings, and they can make active choices because they are no longer subject to constant interruptions caused by their responsibility for domestic labour and child care. This is in contrast to their listening to the radio during the day, when radio programmes are selected primarily as ‘easy listening’, a background while they do their housework or look after the children.
There is an active choice of programmes which are understood to constitute the ‘woman’s world’, coupled with a complete rejection of programmes which are presenting the ‘man’s world’. However, there is also an acceptance that the ‘real’ or ‘man’s world’ is important, and the ‘right’ of their husbands to watch these programmes is respected: but it is not a world with which the women in this study wanted to concern themselves. In fact, the ‘world’, in terms of what is constructed as of ‘news’ value, is seen as both alien and hostile to the values of the women. For them television programmes appear to fall into two distinct categories. The programmes which they watch and enjoy are: comedy series (Selwyn Froggitt, Are You Being Served?); soap operas (Emmerdale Farm, The

Cedar Tree, Rooms, Crown Court and, predominantly, Crossroads and Coronation Street); American television films (MacMillan and Wife, Dr Welby, Colombo); light entertainment and quiz shows (Whose Baby?, Mr and Mrs); and films. All these programmes could be broadly termed as ‘entertaining’ rather than ‘educational and informative’. The programmes which are actively rejected deal with what the women designate the ‘real world’ or ‘man’s world’, and these predominantly cluster around the news, current affairs programmes (Panorama, This Week), scientific programmes (Tomorrow’s World), the subject-matter of politics or war, including films about war, and, to a lesser extent, documentary programmes. Selected documentaries will be viewed as long as the subject-matter is identified as of feminine interest. The following are extracts from responses to questions about television, and it can be .seen from these that there is a clear distinction between what men and women watch and what is seen to be the right of the husband to watch (news and current affairs programmes). Anne
Copyright © 1991. Taylor & Francis Group. All rights reserved.

D. What programmes do you watch on television?
A. Er…Crown Court, Rooms, Cedar Tree, Emmerdale Farm, Mr and Mrs.

What else is there? Dr Welby. Then there’s a film on of a Friday. D. This is all on ITV, isn’t it?
A. (Long pause while she thinks of other programmes) Yes, er…yes, that’s another programme. Whose Baby?

D. There’s a film on on Mondays as well, isn’t there?
A. No, no…oh, yes, there is. It’s Mystery Movie. I don’t like, I’m not very interested in them, you know. I sort of half-watch them.
D. So it’s more the short series. ((Yes.)) What do you like about the programmes that you watch?
A. Something to look forward to the next day ’cos most of them are serials.
D. Do you like them to…Which do you like the best, which type?
A. Er, I like The Cedar Tree more than Emmerdale Farm. I’m not really keen on that. I only watch it through habit. Er, more romantic, I think, you know, there’s sort of, er, family life, that is, more than Emmerdale Farm. I don’t know, I…something about that isn’t so good.
D. That only really takes you up to tea time, so do you watch the television at night?
A. Yes, in between half-five and eight, that’s me busiest time, feed him, change him, sometimes bath him. I don’t bath him very often, erm, get Richard’s dinner and I always clean up straight away, the washing up, and then I get everything settled and that takes me up to about 8 o’clock, ’cos I stop at half-past six to watch Crossroads (laughs). And then from 8 onwards I just sit and watch the box (laughs). D. Why do you like Crossroads?

A. Just that you like to know what’s going to happen next, you know. I mean they’re terrible actors, I know that, and I just see through that, you know. I just, now and then I think, ‘Oh my God, that’s silly,’ you know, but it’s not the acting I’m interested in, it’s what’s going on. I suppose I’m nosy…. D. The time then between that—do you watch the news?
A. I watch a little bit of it, erm (pause). I don’t really like the news much because it’s all politics, generally and British Leyland out on strike again, and this and that. I like to hear the news things if, er,—if there’s been a murder, I know that sounds terrible, but I like to hear—‘Oh what’s happening next, what have they found out?’ That sort of news I like, you know— gossip. ((Yes.))
D. Do you ever watch documentaries?
A. Now and then I find an interesting one. I watched one the other night about people who’d got diseases.

L. We have the radio on all day, you know, from the time we get up till the time the tele comes back on. I usually put it on at 4 o’clock for the kids’ tele and they watch all the children’s programmes, and it might come back off at 6 and it might not go back on again till half-past seven. D. So you don’t watch the news?
L. No, I never watch the news, never.
D. Why don’t you watch it?
L. I don’t like it, I don’t like to hear about people dying and things like that. I think about it afterwards and I can’t sleep at all. Like when I watched that thing, World at War, and I watched it once and all I could see were people all over the place, you know, heads and no arms and that and at night I could not sleep. I can’t ask him to turn it over ‘cos he likes it, so I go in the kitchen till it’s finished.
It is clear that the news, current affairs, political programmes and scientific programmes, together with portrayals of war (real or in the guise of war films) are actively rejected by the women. They will leave the room rather than sit there while the news is on. The world as revealed through the news is seen to be (a) depressing, (b) boring, but (c) important. The ‘news values’, as realized in agendas, are ‘accepted’, but they have alternative values which the women recognize but do not suggest should form an alternative coverage. In fact, the importance of accepted ‘news values’ is recognized, and although their own

94 ETHNOGRAPHY
HOUSEWIVES AND THE MASS MEDIA 95

Hall, S., Hobson, D., Lowe, A., & Willis, P. (Eds.). (1991). Culture, media, language : Working papers in cultural studies,
1972-79. ProQuest Ebook Central