Discussion week 6

Discussion: Using the Walden Library
Where can you find evidence to inform your thoughts and scholarly writing? Throughout your degree program, you will use research literature to explore ideas, guide your thinking, and gain new insights. As you search the research literature, it is important to use resources that are peer-reviewed and from scholarly journals. You may already have some favorite online resources and databases that you use or have found useful in the past. For this Discussion, you explore databases available through the Walden Library.
To Prepare:

Review the information presented in the Learning Resources for using the Walden Library, searching the databases, and evaluating online resources.
Begin searching for a peer-reviewed article that pertains to your practice area and interests you.

Post the following:
Using proper APA formatting, cite the peer-reviewed article you selected that pertains to your practice area and is of particular interest to you and identify the database that you used to search for the article. Explain any difficulties you experienced while searching for this article. Would this database be useful to your colleagues? Explain why or why not. Would you recommend this database? Explain why or why not.
**Use at least 3 references**

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Title:

Authors:

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Abstract:

Record: 1

Adolescent Big Five personality and pubertal development: Pubertal
hormone concentrations and self-reported pubertal status.

Van den Akker, Alithe L., ORCID 0000-0002-4981-5265. Department of
Child Development and Education, Research Priority Area Yield, University
of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands, [email protected]
Briley, Daniel A.. Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at
Urbana–Champaign, Champaign, IL, US
Grotzinger, Andrew D.. Department of Psychology, University of Texas at
Austin, Austin, TX, US
Tackett, Jennifer L.. Department of Psychology, Northwestern University,
Evanston, IL, US
Tucker-Drob, Elliot M.. Department of Psychology, University of Texas at
Austin, Austin, TX, US
Harden, K. Paige. Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin,
Austin, TX, US

Van den Akker, Alithe L., Department of Child Development and Education,
Research Priority Area Yield, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe
Achtergracht 127, Amsterdam, Netherlands, [email protected]

Developmental Psychology, Vol 57(1), Jan, 2021. pp. 60-72.

Dev Psychol

US : American Psychological Association

0012-1649 (Print)
1939-0599 (Electronic)

English

personality, puberty, testosterone, progesterone, DHEA

In early adolescence, levels of conscientiousness and agreeableness have
been found to temporarily decrease, with levels of neuroticism increasing,
indicating a dip in personality maturation. It is unknown whether these
changes are related to the process of puberty, a major developmental
milestone with numerous changes for children. Here, we first replicated the
dip in personality maturity in early adolescence (N = 2640, age range 8–
18, 51% girls, 65% non-Hispanic white, 21% Hispanic/Latino, 10% African
American, 9% other, roughly 33% of families received means-tested public
assistance) and tested associations between the Big Five personality
dimensions and pubertal development and timing across late childhood
and adolescence (n = 1793). Pubertal development was measured using
both hormonal assays (DHEA, testosterone, and progesterone) and self-
reports of secondary sex characteristics. Of hormonal measures, only
higher DHEA concentrations were associated with lower
conscientiousness and openness. Nonparametric moderation analyses
using LOSEM indicated Complex Age × Sex interactions involving all three
hormones. Self-reported pubertal development was associated with lower
extraversion, conscientiousness, agreeableness, and openness. More

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Document Type:
Subjects:

PsycINFO Classification:
Population:

Location:
Age Group:

Tests & Measures:

Grant Sponsorship:

Methodology:
Format Covered:
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advanced pubertal timing was also related to lower levels of extraversion,
conscientiousness, and agreeableness. All associations were small. As
some evidence was found for small associations between pubertal
development and lower levels of conscientiousness and agreeableness, a
dip in personality maturation in these personality traits may be partly due to
pubertal development in early adolescence. Overall, results did not
indicate that pubertal development was the primary explanation of the
maturity dip in adolescent personality. Many small influences likely
accumulate to explain the dip in personality maturity in early adolescence.
(PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)

Journal Article

*Adolescent Development; *Conscientiousness; *Personality
Development; *Puberty; Hormones; Progesterone; Early Adolescence

Personality Traits & Processes (3120)

Human
Male
Female

Childhood (birth-12 yrs)
School Age (6-12 yrs)
Adolescence (13-17 yrs)
Adulthood (18 yrs & older)
Young Adulthood (18-29 yrs)

Big Five Inventory
Pubertal Development Scale DOI: 10.1037/t06349-000

Sponsor: National Institutes of Health, US
Grant Number: R01HD083613; R01HD092548
Other Details: Texas Twin Project
Recipients: No recipient indicated

Sponsor: Jacobs Foundation
Other Details: Research fellowships
Recipients: Briley, Daniel A.; Tucker-Drob, Elliot M.; Harden, K. Paige

Empirical Study; Quantitative Study; Twin Study

Electronic

Journal; Peer Reviewed Journal

Accepted: Nov 1, 2020; Revised: Oct 12, 2020; First Submitted: Nov 26,
2019

20201231

American Psychological Association. 2021

http://dx.doi.org.ezp.waldenulibrary.org/10.1037/dev0001135

dev-57-1-60

2020-99409-002

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Database: APA PsycArticles

Adolescent Big Five Personality and Pubertal Development: Pubertal Hormone
Concentrations and Self-Reported Pubertal Status

By: Alithe L. Van den Akker
Department of Child Development and Education, Research Priority Area Yield, University of Amsterdam;
Daniel A. Briley
Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign
Andrew D. Grotzinger
Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin
Jennifer L. Tackett
Department of Psychology, Northwestern University
Elliot M. Tucker-Drob
Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin;
Population Research Center, University of Texas at Austin
K. Paige Harden
Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin;
Population Research Center, University of Texas at Austin
Acknowledgement: OSF link: https://osf.io/jgfqp/?view_only=d21e101898c64ab6b7478df003b40cf8.

The Texas Twin Project is supported by National Institutes of Health (NIH) Grants R01HD083613 and
R01HD092548. Daniel A. Briley, Elliot M. Tucker-Drob, and K. Paige Harden are additionally supported by Jacobs
Foundation research fellowships.

Note: Sara Jaffee served as the action editor for this article.—EFD

Big Five personality characteristics develop in the direction of increasing maturity across adulthood, with mean
levels of agreeableness and conscientiousness increasing and neuroticism decreasing in the population (Roberts
et al., 2006). However, during early adolescence these same personality traits appear to temporarily change in
the opposite direction, becoming less mature before increasing in maturity again (Göllner et al., 2017; Luan et al.,
2017; Soto et al., 2011; Van den Akker et al., 2014). These temporary declines in personality maturation have in
turn been associated with adolescents’ behavioral and emotional problems (Van den Akker et al., 2010). At
present, it is unknown what causes this temporary disruption of personality maturation, but pubertal development
is a strong candidate factor (Soto & Tackett, 2015). Here, we test whether we can replicate the temporary dip in
personality maturation using a large (N = 2640), cross-sectional (age range primarily 8–18 years) sample. Next,
we test whether markers of pubertal development, hormone concentrations and self-reports of secondary sex
characteristics are associated with personality. As most pubertal development takes place between 10 and 15, it
may explain a dip in personality maturation in this age range.

Pubertal Development and Personality Maturation: Hormonal Concentrations

Individual differences in characteristic ways of thinking, feeling, and behaving that are relatively stable across
time and situations, or personality traits, can be captured by five overarching personality dimensions:
Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Neuroticism, and Openness to Experience (Goldberg, 1990).
The same “Big Five” dimensions describe personality traits in childhood and adolescence as in adulthood,
allowing for the investigation of the development of these traits across the life span (Shiner & Caspi, 2003).
Investigations of mean-level personality development across early and middle adulthood have converged on the
finding that, for the population as a whole, levels of conscientiousness and agreeableness increase, whereas

https://osf.io/jgfqp/?view_only=d21e101898c64ab6b7478df003b40cf8

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levels of neuroticism decrease (Roberts et al., 2005). To explain this phenomenon, it was hypothesized that
taking on adult social roles (i.e. starting a paid job and entering a stable romantic relationship), something that
most young adults do during this period, could explain why the population as a whole tended to increase in those
characteristics that are necessary to be successful in these roles (Roberts et al., 2005). Mean-level development
thus tends to be aimed at increasing maturity during early adulthood. As levels of extraversion and openness do
not show a consistent pattern of maturation in adulthood, with openness remaining fairly stable and some aspects
of extraversion increasing and others decreasing, they are not central to the maturity principle (Roberts et al.,
2005).

When investigations of mean-level development of the Big Five personality dimensions were extended to earlier
ages, several findings indicated trends in the opposite direction. Although similar trends to early adulthood were
already visible in later adolescence, during early adolescence (between ages 10 and 15) several findings
indicated that youths’ personality traits were actually becoming less mature than they were before, with evidence
for decreases in agreeableness (Göllner et al., 2017; Luan et al., 2017; Soto et al., 2011; Van den Akker et al.,
2014) and conscientiousness (Borghuis et al., 2017; Göllner et al., 2017; Soto et al., 2011; Van den Akker et al.,
2014) and increases in neuroticism for girls specifically (Borghuis et al., 2017; Luan et al., 2017; Soto et al., 2011;
Van den Akker et al., 2014). As lower levels of conscientiousness and agreeableness are important predictors of
externalizing problems, and neuroticism is a predictor for internalizing problems (Tackett, 2006), these changes
have important implications for adolescents’ psychological and behavioral adjustment. During this developmental
period, incidence of problems such as delinquency (Moffitt, 1993) and depression (Bongers et al., 2003) increase,
and the dip in personality maturation may explain these increases. Indeed, these changes have been found to be
associated with increased adjustment problems in youth (Van den Akker et al., 2010). Therefore, it is important to
understand what may be driving the disruption of personality maturation in early adolescence.

Although contemporary personality theories vary in the relative importance they place on intrinsic maturation
versus social influences in explaining mean-level personality development (e.g., Costa & McCrae, 2006; Roberts
et al., 2006), findings of small genetic influences on intraindividual personality changes for young adults
(Hopwood et al., 2011) and adolescents (Kawamoto & Endo, 2019) indicate that biological processes do play a
role. Important biological changes that coincide with the dip in personality maturation during the transition to
adolescence are the hormonal changes associated with pubertal development. The onset of puberty in humans,
typically occurring in childhood when children are between 6 and 8 years of age, is adrenarche. Adrenarche is
characterized by a rise in the adrenal hormone dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), as a result of maturation of the
hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, causing pubic hair to grow and body odor to develop (Havelock et al.,
2004). Approximately two years later, as children enter adolescence, gonadarche introduces the increase of
gonadal hormones, including testosterone and progesterone (Hiort, 2002), which are responsible for the
development of secondary sex characteristics (Dorn, 2006). The process of pubertal maturation is completed
approximately four to five years later, around age 15 (Dahl et al., 2018).

Pubertal development could be related to a disruption in personality maturation because the rise in
concentrations of pubertal hormones affects brain function and structure (Blakemore et al., 2010). These
neurological changes produce changes in emotion, cognition, and behavior. These neurological changes produce
changes in emotion, cognition, and behavior. DHEA associated neurological changes have been connected to
emotional processing (Whittle et al., 2015). Similar findings have linked testosterone to increased risk-taking
behavior (Braams et al., 2015) and progesterone to emotional processing and response inhibition (for a review,
see Toffoletto et al., 2014). These changes are likely reflected in more stable changes in patterns of thinking,
feeling, and behaving, rather than mere short-lived state changes. Therefore, we can expect these to be reflected
in personality trait changes. The effects of rising concentrations of pubertal hormones can be expected to be

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especially likely to play a role in personality development in early adolescence as it has been proposed that youth
likely adapt to the rises in hormonal concentrations after some time (Buchanan et al., 1992).

Although we know of no studies investigating pubertal hormones in relation to the broad Big Five personality
dimensions, some evidence for the possibility of pubertal hormone concentrations impacting narrower traits than
the Big Five are available. Testosterone has been associated with social dominance (Rowe et al., 2004; Tremblay
et al., 1998), which is a facet of extraversion (John & Srivastava, 1999), as well as sensation seeking (Harden et
al., 2018), which is related to both high extraversion and low conscientiousness (Mann et al., 2017), and irritability
(Olweus et al., 1980), a facet of neuroticism (John & Srivastava, 1999).

Pubertal Development and Personality Maturation: Self-Reported Pubertal Development Status

Although changes in physical characteristics associated with pubertal development are initiated by hormonal
changes, measures of pubertal development status derived from physical characteristics are only moderately
associated with measures of hormonal concentrations (Shirtcliff et al., 2009). Pubertal development status
derived from physical characteristics may be associated with personality changes over and above hormonal
concentrations because physical characteristics are more closely tied to social experiences that accompany
pubertal development (Blakemore et al., 2010). For instance, physical changes associated with pubertal
development may indicate to the social environment that children are becoming more mature. With increased
perceptions of maturity, expectations regarding mature (i.e. well regulated, independently planned and executed)
behavior may also increase. Consequently, although adolescents’ personalities may still be maturing, demands
placed on them by their environment (e.g., parents, teachers) may increase even more strongly. The result of this
discrepancy between adolescents’ actual maturation on the one hand and expectations of their social
environment on the other may be that adolescents appear to be decreasing in maturity (Denissen et al., 2013).
For instance, even though children might be becoming more conscientious, when they are suddenly expected to
keep track of homework, clean their own rooms, and make sure they are on time for sports lessons, they may
forget some tasks on their to-do list. Children may receive negative feedback from parents or teachers and may
view themselves as becoming less conscientious. This maturation disparity, or the gap between expectations and
underlying capabilities, may diminish as adolescents’ underlying psychological capabilities develop to match their
changing physical appearance. Therefore, more advanced pubertal development status derived from physical
characteristics may be related to lower personality maturity especially in early adolescence.

Although we know of no studies examining associations between the Big Five dimensions and pubertal
development status, a few studies regarding other personality traits are available. Pubertal development status at
age 12 has been associated with both positive and negative urgency, traits that describe a tendency to react
rashly in response to positive versus negative emotion respectively (Gunn & Smith, 2010). Both these traits are
associated with high neuroticism and low conscientiousness and agreeableness, or a less mature personality
(Cyders & Smith, 2008). Constraint, which can be considered a combination of traits associated with
conscientiousness and openness to experience, (Church, 1994) has been found to be associated with pubertal
development differently for boys and girls (Schissel et al., 2011). For girls, pubertal development was negatively
related with constraint during earlier stages of puberty but unrelated at later stages. For boys however, pubertal
development was positively associated with constraint during early stages of puberty, with no association
thereafter. Planning and perseverance, two other subcomponents of conscientiousness (John & Srivastava,
1999), have been found to be unrelated to pubertal status (Gunn & Smith, 2010), as has impulse control
(Castellanos-Ryan et al., 2013). Two other studies found that pubertal status was unrelated to traits related to
positive emotionality (a facet of extraversion) and negative emotionality (a facet of neuroticism; Canals et al.,
2005; Schissel et al., 2011).

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Goals of the Current Study

Although pubertal development is a strong candidate factor in explaining decreases in personality maturity in
early adolescence, no study has previously examined associations between pubertal development, as assessed
either by hormonal concentrations or pubertal development status derived from physical characteristics, and Big
Five personality dimensions. It is important to understand what is driving these personality changes to understand
how to best support adolescents during this time.

In a preliminary step, we examined mean-level trends of self-reports of the Big Five personality dimensions in a
large, cross-sectional sample with an age range from 8 to 18 years (N = 2640) to investigate whether they were in
line with a temporary disruption in personality maturation in early adolescence. Next, we examined associations
between the Big Five personality dimensions and pubertal development. First, we examined associations with
pubertal hormone concentrations in hair samples (i.e. DHEA, testosterone, and progesterone, n = 1793). Hair
sampling is a recently developed, noninvasive method of collecting longer-term free hormone output (Gao et al.,
2016). If rising pubertal hormone concentrations play a role in explaining a dip in personality maturation in early
adolescence, we would expect that hormone concentrations would be associated with lower personality maturity
as evidenced by lower levels of agreeableness and conscientiousness and higher levels of neuroticism. These
effects might be stronger for younger adolescents as pubertal development is a process that adolescents may
adapt to over time. We also examined associations with Extraversion and Openness to Experience to gain a
complete picture of associations with the Big Five. These analyses were exploratory. Next, we examined
associations of the Big Five personality dimensions with pubertal development status as measured by youth self-
report of physical characteristics. For pubertal development status as derived by physical characteristics, we
expect similar associations with the personality dimensions as for the hormone concentrations. Finally, we
examined whether either pubertal hormone concentrations or pubertal development status derived from physical
characteristics were uniquely associated with the Big Five. Moderation by sex was examined for the associations.

Method

All analytic plans were preregistered on OSF (https://osf.io/t52k8/?
view_only=75c8ef2395e6423ca36941f7788bb8fb).

Sample
The sample included 2640 participants from 1,102 families (49% boys) from the Texas Twin Project (Harden et
al., 2013). Adolescent mean age was 13.64 years (SD = 2.93, range = 6.94–21.29 years). Over 94% of the
sample was between the ages of 8 and 18 years, and we therefore base our inferences on this age range to
avoid problems of overextrapolation. Sixty percent of the adolescents identified as non-Hispanic white, 21% as
Hispanic/Latino, 10% as African American, and 9% as another race/ethnicity. Approximately a third of sibling
pairs were monozygotic twins, with the remaining pairs being dizygotic twins. For the purposes of the current
study, we did not perform any family based analyses. Instead, we analyzed the data at the individual-level and
corrected for the nonindependence of drawing observations from the same family. A subset of the sample only
provided self-reports on personality (n = 847). These participants were recruited prior to the introduction of hair
sampling into the research protocol and typically completed mailed or online surveys rather than participating in
the laboratory setting. The sampling frame was students in K-12 public schools for these participants. The rest of
the sample provided both self-reports of personality and pubertal development, and pubertal hormone samples (n
= 1793, from 771 families, 43% boys). The sampling frame was students in 3rd-12th grade public schools for
these participants due to the in-lab nature of the data collection. Of this subsample, the average age was 12.45
years (SD = 2.84, range = 7.8–19.47 years). Participants who only had personality data and not hormone data
tended to be younger due to the differences in the sampling frame but did not differ meaningfully on personality

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(average absolute value of Cohen’s d = .05). This result is consistent with the missing data being due to the
design of the study rather than systematically on the basis of key study variables. A total of 20 additional
participants were omitted due to some sort of disorder that would affect hormone levels (e.g., hypothyroidism),
and an additional 51 participants were omitted due to use of hormonal birth control. The Texas Twin Project
started recruiting participants from public schools in Austin, TX, Houston, TX, and surrounding areas in 2012, with
data collection in Austin ongoing.

The Texas Twin Project subprojects were approved by the Institutional Review Board of the University of Texas as
projects 2009–12-0040 (“A Sibling and Twin Study of Healthy Development in Children and Adolescents”), 2011–
11-0066 (“A Twin Study of Healthy Development in Infants and Young Children”), 2011–11-0067 (“Genetic
Influences on Adolescent Decision-Making and Alcohol Use”), 2013–02-0011 (“The Genes and Development
Study”), 2014–11-0021 (“Cortisol, Socioeconomic Status, and Genetic Influence on Cognitive Development”), and
2016–01-0004 (“Genetic & Hormonal Influences on Adolescent Decision-Making”).

Measures
Personality

Adolescents provided self-reports on the 44 items of the child version of the Big Five Inventory (BFI; John et al.,
2008). Participants were asked to indicate on a 5-point Likert-type scale ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5
(strongly agree) how much they agreed that the item described them. The BFI assesses extraversion with 8 items
(example item: “is talkative”), neuroticism with 8 items (example item: “can be tense”), conscientiousness with 9
items (example item: “does a thorough job”), agreeableness with 9 items (example item: “starts quarrels with
others”), and openness to experience with 10 items (example item: “has an active imagination”). Individual item
responses were corrected for acquiescence by subtracting person-specific means, and extreme responding by
dividing scores by person-specific standard deviations of responses to pairs of items with opposite implications
for personality (e.g., “is talkative” vs. “tends to be quiet”), prior to computing mean scale scores (Soto et al.,
2008). Acquiescence is reflected by participants’ tendency to agree with items with differing implications for
personality, and extreme responding is reflected by participants’ tendency to use either pole of the scale.
Cronbach’s alphas in the current sample were: Extraversion = .80, Agreeableness = .75, Conscientiousness =
.78, Neuroticism = .72, and Openness = .70.

Pubertal Hormones

DHEA, testosterone, and progesterone concentrations were derived from hair samples summing 3 mm in
diameter from the posterior vertex of the scalp, representing an accumulation of hormones over 3 months.
Participants were instructed not to use any hair products that were not rinsed out of the hair the day of the
appointment. Hair samples were stored at room temperature before being shipped to Dr. Clemens Kirschbaum’s
laboratory at Technical University Dresden, where they were analyzed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass
spectrometry (Gao et al., 2013). The lower limit of detection was 0.1 pg/mg. There were 459 samples below this
threshold for testosterone, 365 for progesterone, and 172 for DHEA. A winsorizing procedure was used to replace
extreme values by the highest observed score within 3 standard deviations of the sample mean. This procedure
replaced a total of 12, 9, and 15 observations for testosterone, progesterone, and DHEA, respectively. As all
hormones were positively skewed, these variables were log-transformed to approximate normal distributions and
then standardized. These procedures match previous publications using this data (Grotzinger et al., 2018) and
our preregistration plan.

Self-Reported Pubertal Development

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Adolescents provided self-reports on the Pubertal Development Scale (PDS; Petersen et al., 1988). All
adolescents rated five items on a 4-point scale ranging from 1 = not yet begun to change to 4 = finished changing
with an option to respond I do not know, which was recoded as missing. Boys and girls all rated items about
growth in height, growth of body hair, and changes in skin-appearance, with girls additionally indicating breast
growth and menarche (1 = no and 4 = yes to maintain scaling with other items), whereas boys rated growth of
facial hair and deepening of voice. The mean of these items was used as the final pubertal development score.

Analysis Plan
First, to examine nonlinearities in mean-level age trends of the Big Five, indicating a disruption in personality
maturation, we used nonparametric local structural equation models (LOSEM; Briley et al., 2015; Hildebrandt et
al., 2016) to provide a nonparametric picture of age-trends in the key outcomes considered in this report (see
participants section for details). The use of LOSEM is similar to the use of LOESS plots as an extension of
regression analysis (Cleveland & Devlin, 1988). We fit locally weighted models with different focal ages from age
8 to 18 years in .1 increments. For example, when a model with age 8 years is the focal age, data near age 8
years is weighted most strongly, and data near age 18 years is weighted less strongly. Importantly, all models
make full use of the entire dataset, and no arbitrary subsetting of the data is necessary. We chose 18 years as the
upper bound of our analysis frame because very few observations with age greater than 18 were included in the
dataset, and we did not want to extrapolate beyond our data coverage. All personality measures were
standardized relative to the full sample mean and standard deviation to provide a more intuitive metric, and only
for these models, the variables were not ipsatized to maintain the between-person metric of the scales.

To examine if more advanced pubertal development is associated with lower personality maturity, especially in
early adolescence, we first examined associations between pubertal hormones and the Big Five personality
dimensions, including hormone by sex interactions. To examine whether the associations were stronger in early
adolescence than in later adolescence, we again estimated nonparametric LOSEM. In these models, effects of
pubertal hormone concentrations, as well as interactions between pubertal hormone concentrations and sex,
were tested for separate points across the age …

**THIS DISCUSSION IS DIVIDE IN TWO PARTS –

1. MAIN DISCUSSION POST BY TUESDAY 01/05/2021 BEFORE 8:00 PM EST

2. TWO REPLIES BY FRIDAY 01/08/2021 BEFORE 8:00 PM EST

Discussion: Using the Walden Library

To Prepare:

· Review the information presented in the Learning Resources for using the Walden Library, searching the databases, and evaluating online resources.
· Begin searching for a peer-reviewed article that pertains to your practice area and interests you.

1. Step 1 – Search for letter “P” for Psychiatry – area of interest, found:

PsycINFO
The largest resource devoted to scholarly peer-reviewed literature in the behavioral sciences and mental health. Also includes book chapters, books, dissertations, and all content from PsycARTICLES (American Psychological Association journals).

2. Step 2 – General Search – no specific fields

3. Step 3 – Found # 7

APA

(American Psychological Assoc.)
References
Van den Akker, A. L., Briley, D. A., Grotzinger, A. D., Tackett, J. L., Tucker-Drob, E. M., & Harden, K. P. (2021). Adolescent Big Five personality and pubertal development: Pubertal hormone concentrations and self-reported pubertal status. Developmental Psychology, 57(1), 60–72. https://doi-org.ezp.waldenulibrary.org/10.1037/dev0001135

**THIS DISCUSSION IS DIVIDE IN TWO PARTS
–

MAIN DISCUSSION POST BY
TUESDAY
01/05/2021

BEFORE 8:00 PM EST

TWO REPLIES BY FRIDAY 01/0
8
/2021 BEFORE 8:00 PM EST

Discussion: Using the Walden Library

To Prepare:

Review the information presented in the Learning Resources for using the Walden Library, searching the databases, and
evaluating online resources.

Begin searching for a peer
–
reviewed articl
e that pertains to your practice area and interests you.

Post

the following:

Using proper APA formatting, cite the peer
–
reviewed article you selected that pertains to your practice area and is of particular interest
to you and identify the database that y
ou used to search for the article. Explain any difficulties you experienced while searching for this
article. Would this database be useful to your colleagues? Explain why or why not. Would you recommend this database? Explain

why
or why not.

**Use at leas
t 3 references**

Step 1

–

Sea
r
ch for letter “P”
for Psychiatry
–

area of interest, found:

PsycINFO

The largest resource devoted to scholarly peer
–
reviewed literature in the behavioral sciences and mental he
alth. Also
includes book chapters, books, dissertations, and all content from PsycARTICLES (American Psychological Association
journals).

**THIS DISCUSSION IS DIVIDE IN TWO PARTS –

1. MAIN DISCUSSION POST BY TUESDAY 01/05/2021 BEFORE 8:00 PM EST
2. TWO REPLIES BY FRIDAY 01/08/2021 BEFORE 8:00 PM EST

Discussion: Using the Walden Library

Where can you find evidence to inform your thoughts and scholarly writing? Throughout your degree program, you will use research
literature to explore ideas, guide your thinking, and gain new insights. As you search the research literature, it is important to use
resources that are peer-reviewed and from scholarly journals. You may already have some favorite online resources and databases
that you use or have found useful in the past. For this Discussion, you explore databases available through the Walden Library.
To Prepare:
 Review the information presented in the Learning Resources for using the Walden Library, searching the databases, and
evaluating online resources.
 Begin searching for a peer-reviewed article that pertains to your practice area and interests you.

Post the following:
Using proper APA formatting, cite the peer-reviewed article you selected that pertains to your practice area and is of particular interest
to you and identify the database that you used to search for the article. Explain any difficulties you experienced while searching for this
article. Would this database be useful to your colleagues? Explain why or why not. Would you recommend this database? Explain why
or why not.
**Use at least 3 references**

1. Step 1 – Search for letter “P” for Psychiatry – area of interest, found:

PsycINFO The largest resource devoted to scholarly peer-reviewed literature in the behavioral sciences and mental health. Also
includes book chapters, books, dissertations, and all content from PsycARTICLES (American Psychological Association
journals).

INTRUCTIONS REPLY # 1
Respond to your colleague posts by offering suggestions/strategies for working with this database from your own experience, or offering ideas for using alternative resources.
* Use at least 2 references*

Katie Baunach

My area of interest after becoming a nurse practitioner is aesthetics. An aesthetic nurse practitioner is a nurse practitioner who specializes in improving people’s appearance through cosmetic medical procedures such as Botox, other dermal fillers, laser treatments, and many more. I chose to use the school library to find an article related to this issue. My experience was not the best. After accessing the online library at Walden, I typed in my area of interest into the search bar and got zero results. I decided to try and change the database. That did not help. I decided to search all databases and again nothing came back to me. Things went on like this for a while and then all of a sudden, some article options finally popped up. Why this happened or what I did differently I could not tell you. I clicked on the desired article only to find that the full text was not available until I registered on this outside cite. I decided to register because it was free, and I wanted to finally get to the article. After registering, it then prompted me to pay for the article. I threw my hands up at this point and I do not recommend this avenue of finding a scholarly peer reviewed article as it led me to lots of frustration and confusion. I then returned to Walden online library and searched my desired topic again. This time when my article choices appeared a link to view the full text was magically an option listed.

The article I chose talked about the essentials of evidence-based practice in aesthetic procedures. The demand for dermal fillers has skyrocketed in recent years. The concern is that not all procedures are being administered in the same way therefore leaving room for a possible decrease in quality. Procedures in this area used to be taught one on one by physicians and now the techniques are taught to the masses through seminars and conferences. More care, practice, and studying must be taken nowadays in order in ensure the highest quality. The practicing aesthetic nurse must also be familiar with their scope of practice and in order to provide the best possible care to all their patients. (Harrison & Hotta, 2020)

References

Harrison, J., & Hotta, T. (2020). Evidence-Based Education Is Essential in Medical Aesthetics Nursing. Plastic Surgical Nursing, 40(3), 127–129. https://doi-org.ezp.waldenulibrary.org/10.1097/PSN.0000000000000315

INTRUCTIONS

Respon
d

to
your colleague

posts by offering suggestions/strategies for working with this database
from your own experience, or offering ideas for using alternative resources
.

*
Use

at least 2 references*

Katie Baunach

My area of interest after becoming a nurse practitioner is aesthetics. An aesthetic nurse practitioner

is a
nurse practitioner who specializes in improving people’s appearance through cosmetic medical procedures
such as Botox, other dermal fillers, laser treatments, and many more. I chose to use the school library to find
an article related to this issue.
My experience was not the best. After accessing the online library at Walden, I
typed in my area of interest into the search bar and got zero results. I decided to try and change the database.
That did not help. I decided to search all databases and again
nothing came back to me. Things went on like
this for a while and then all of a sudden, some article options finally popped up. Why this happened or what I
did differently I could not tell you. I clicked on the desired article only to find that the full t
ext was not
available until I registered on this outside cite. I decided to register because it was free, and I wanted to finally
get to the article. After registering, it then prompted me to pay for the article. I threw my hands up at this
point and I do
not recommend this avenue of finding a scholarly peer reviewed article as it led me to lots of
frustration and confusion. I then returned to Walden online library and searched my desired topic again. This
time when my article choices appeared a link to vie
w the full text was magically an option listed.

The article I chose talked about the essentials of evidence
–
based practice in aesthetic procedures. The
demand for dermal fillers has skyrocketed in recent years. The concern is that not all proc
edures are being
administered in the same way therefore leaving room for a possible decrease in quality. Procedures in this
area used to be taught one on one by physicians and now the techniques are taught to the masses through
seminars and conferences. Mo
re care, practice, and studying must be taken nowadays in order in ensure the
highest quality. The practicing aesthetic nurse must also be familiar with their scope of practice and in order to
provide the best possible care to all their patients. (Harrison

& Hotta, 2020)

References

Harrison, J., & Hotta, T. (2020). Evidence
–
Based Education Is Essential in Medical Aesthetics Nursing. Plastic
Surgical Nursing, 40(3), 127
–
129. https://doi
–
org.ezp.waldenulibrary.org/10.1097/PSN.0000000000000315

INTRUCTIONS REPLY # 1
Respond to your colleague posts by offering suggestions/strategies for working with this database
from your own experience, or offering ideas for using alternative resources.
* Use at least 2 references*

Katie Baunach

My area of interest after becoming a nurse practitioner is aesthetics. An aesthetic nurse practitioner is a
nurse practitioner who specializes in improving people’s appearance through cosmetic medical procedures
such as Botox, other dermal fillers, laser treatments, and many more. I chose to use the school library to find
an article related to this issue. My experience was not the best. After accessing the online library at Walden, I
typed in my area of interest into the search bar and got zero results. I decided to try and change the database.
That did not help. I decided to search all databases and again nothing came back to me. Things went on like
this for a while and then all of a sudden, some article options finally popped up. Why this happened or what I
did differently I could not tell you. I clicked on the desired article only to find that the full text was not
available until I registered on this outside cite. I decided to register because it was free, and I wanted to finally
get to the article. After registering, it then prompted me to pay for the article. I threw my hands up at this
point and I do not recommend this avenue of finding a scholarly peer reviewed article as it led me to lots of
frustration and confusion. I then returned to Walden online library and searched my desired topic again. This
time when my article choices appeared a link to view the full text was magically an option listed.

The article I chose talked about the essentials of evidence-based practice in aesthetic procedures. The
demand for dermal fillers has skyrocketed in recent years. The concern is that not all procedures are being
administered in the same way therefore leaving room for a possible decrease in quality. Procedures in this
area used to be taught one on one by physicians and now the techniques are taught to the masses through
seminars and conferences. More care, practice, and studying must be taken nowadays in order in ensure the
highest quality. The practicing aesthetic nurse must also be familiar with their scope of practice and in order to
provide the best possible care to all their patients. (Harrison & Hotta, 2020)

References

Harrison, J., & Hotta, T. (2020). Evidence-Based Education Is Essential in Medical Aesthetics Nursing. Plastic
Surgical Nursing, 40(3), 127–129. https://doi-org.ezp.waldenulibrary.org/10.1097/PSN.0000000000000315

INTRUCTIONS REPLY # 2
Respond to your colleague posts by offering suggestions/strategies for working with this database from your own experience, or offering ideas for using alternative resources.
* Use at least 2 references*

JOHNCY ABRAHAM
Anxiety and stress are two of the problems of the era. Modern-day children face a lot of stress academically, from the peer group, additional demand of the society. Hence, the area always concerned me, so the article I selected was whether social anxiety disorders affect children’s social performance and performance.
The study was conducted and compared with children diagnosed with the socially anxious disorder with children diagnosed with other nervous disease and children without any illnesses were exposed to a social stressor, and pre and post appraisal assessment was done. The study concluded that some performance aspects were significantly lesser than the other children with other anxiety disorders, and children may get benefitted from social interactions without giving stress to social activity(Halldorsson et al., 2019).
The learning resource learning provided in the course material by Walden led me to the Walden Library to get the article. As soon as I entered the Nursing search, there were almost 15 database sites available.CINAHL Plus with Full Text, MEDLINE With Full Text, PubMed are some of the nursing database found.CINAHL Plus has a great collection of journals and ebooks.
The database I selected is CINAHL Plus with Full Text; the database’s opening took me to the research platform EBSCOhost.It is a research collection where we can find thousands of online databases and searching depends on the area of specialization. in contrast to google search, the search is focussed on the main words of the matter what we are looking. It gives options, so keywords are being typed in the search box (Walden University Library, n.d.). The content I searched was children, anxiety, disorder, and the search options available: search mode, related search word, peer-reviewed article, scholarly journal article, and the time frame when the article was published full-text version (Walden University Library, n.d.)It also has an option for basic and advanced search. On selecting my preference areas, I could find almost 20625., which were quite good enough. There were many options to limit my choices too.
The database’s initial search was so confusing since I searched with my familiar way of searching google where I type the question. The guidance provided in the learning resource helped me to navigate through the database. Once I have guided many times, I found the search easier and much more informative as I could find a lot of scholarly peer-reviewed articles, a lot of subject relevant database.
This database is useful to colleagues who wish to pursue their carrier in advanced nursing as it provides a lot of scholarly journals regarding the different disciplines. It provides a reliable source of information than to go through websites where some information may not be authentic(Walden University Library, n.d.)
This database is highly recommended for my colleagues as it is an excellent database for nursing students, and the database provides a great resource, and I advise it. However, it is difficult for the beginner’s keyword search will give a lot of peer-reviewed articles. Moreover, the full-text version is available in the library which cannot see in the usual google search. Overall this was a great source of knowledge.

References
Halldorsson, B., Castelijn, S., & Creswell, C. (2019). Are children with social anxiety disorder more likely than children with other anxiety disorders to anticipate poor social performance and reflect negatively on their performance? Journal of Affective Disorders (J AFFECT DISORD)., 245, 561–568.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2018.11.021

Walden University Library. (n.d.). Databases A-Z: Nursing. Walden university llibrary.
https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/az.php?s=19981

Walden University Library. (n.d.). Instructional Media: Fundamentals of Library Research.
https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/library/instructionalmedia/researchfundamentals

INTRUCTIONS

Respon
d

to
your colleague

posts by offering suggestions/strategies for working with this database
from your own experience, or offering ideas for using alternative resources
.

*
Use

at least 2 references*

JOHNCY ABRAHAM

Anxiety and stress are two of the problems of the era. Modern
–
day children face a lot of stress
academically, from the peer group, additional demand of the socie
ty. Hence, the area always
concerned me, so the article I selected was whether social anxiety disorders affect children’s social
performance and performance.

The study was conducted and compared with children diagnosed with the socially anxious disorder
wi
th children diagnosed with other nervous disease and children without any illnesses were exposed
to a social stressor, and pre and post appraisal assessment was done. The study concluded that
some performance aspects were significantly lesser than the othe
r children with other anxiety
disorders, and children may get benefitted from social interactions without giving stress to social
activity(Halldorsson et al., 2019).

The learning resource learning provided in the course material by Walden led me to the Wal
den
Library to get the article. As soon as I entered the Nursing search, there were almost 15 database
sites available.CINAHL Plus with Full Text, MEDLINE With Full Text, PubMed are some of the
nursing database found.CINAHL Plus has a great collection of
journals and ebooks.

The database I selected is CINAHL Plus with Full Text; the database’s opening took me to the
research platform EBSCOhost.It is a research collection where we can find thousands of online
databases and searching depends on the area of
specialization. in contrast to google search, the
search is focussed on the main words of the matter what we are looking. It gives options, so
keywords are being typed in the search box (Walden University Library, n.d.). The content I searched
was children
, anxiety, disorder, and the search options available: search mode, related search word,
peer
–
reviewed article, scholarly journal article, and the time frame when the article was published full
–
text version (Walden University Library, n.d.)It also has an o
ption for basic and advanced search. On
selecting my preference areas, I could find almost 20625., which were quite good enough. There
were many options to limit my choices too.

The database’s initial search was so confusing since I searched with my fami
liar way of searching
google where I type the question. The guidance provided in the learning resource helped me to
navigate through the database. Once I have guided many times, I found the search easier and much
more informative as I could find a lot of s
cholarly peer
–
reviewed articles, a lot of subject relevant
database.

This database is useful to colleagues who wish to pursue their carrier in advanced nursing as it
provides a lot of scholarly journals regarding the different disciplines. It provides a re
liable source of
information than to go through websites where some information may not be authentic(Walden
University Library, n.d.)

This database is highly recommended for my colleagues as it is an excellent database for nursing
students, and the database provides a great resource, and I advise it. However, it is difficult for the
beginner’s keyword search will give a lot of peer
–
revie
wed articles. Moreover, the full
–
text version is
INTRUCTIONS REPLY # 2
Respond to your colleague posts by offering suggestions/strategies for working with this database
from your own experience, or offering ideas for using alternative resources.
* Use at least 2 references*

JOHNCY ABRAHAM
Anxiety and stress are two of the problems of the era. Modern-day children face a lot of stress
academically, from the peer group, additional demand of the society. Hence, the area always
concerned me, so the article I selected was whether social anxiety disorders affect children’s social
performance and performance.
The study was conducted and compared with children diagnosed with the socially anxious disorder
with children diagnosed with other nervous disease and children without any illnesses were exposed
to a social stressor, and pre and post appraisal assessment was done. The study concluded that
some performance aspects were significantly lesser than the other children with other anxiety
disorders, and children may get benefitted from social interactions without giving stress to social
activity(Halldorsson et al., 2019).
The learning resource learning provided in the course material by Walden led me to the Walden
Library to get the article. As soon as I entered the Nursing search, there were almost 15 database
sites available.CINAHL Plus with Full Text, MEDLINE With Full Text, PubMed are some of the
nursing database found.CINAHL Plus has a great collection of journals and ebooks.
The database I selected is CINAHL Plus with Full Text; the database’s opening took me to the
research platform EBSCOhost.It is a research collection where we can find thousands of online
databases and searching depends on the area of specialization. in contrast to google search, the
search is focussed on the main words of the matter what we are looking. It gives options, so
keywords are being typed in the search box (Walden University Library, n.d.). The content I searched
was children, anxiety, disorder, and the search options available: search mode, related search word,
peer-reviewed article, scholarly journal article, and the time frame when the article was published full-
text version (Walden University Library, n.d.)It also has an option for basic and advanced search. On
selecting my preference areas, I could find almost 20625., which were quite good enough. There
were many options to limit my choices too.
The database’s initial search was so confusing since I searched with my familiar way of searching
google where I type the question. The guidance provided in the learning resource helped me to
navigate through the database. Once I have guided many times, I found the search easier and much
more informative as I could find a lot of scholarly peer-reviewed articles, a lot of subject relevant
database.
This database is useful to colleagues who wish to pursue their carrier in advanced nursing as it
provides a lot of scholarly journals regarding the different disciplines. It provides a reliable source of
information than to go through websites where some information may not be authentic(Walden
University Library, n.d.)
This database is highly recommended for my colleagues as it is an excellent database for nursing
students, and the database provides a great resource, and I advise it. However, it is difficult for the
beginner’s keyword search will give a lot of peer-reviewed articles. Moreover, the full-text version is

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